Photo above: From the presence of internal hairs it is easy to tell that the fig in the photo above is Ficus aurata and NOT Ficus fulva.
According to Berg & Corner (2005) there are 20 species of Section Eriosycea figs in Borneo.
Section Eriosyea figs can be easily identified because the females fig trees produce very distinctive seeds. See also Introduction to Section Eriosycea figs.
Eriosycea figs can be split into two types, (a) those with internal hairs in the female figs (13 species) and (b) those without internal hairs (7 species) as shown and illustrated below
The first step when trying to ID an Eriosycea fig is to cut the fig open and look for hairs or the absence of hairs in the interior. The hairs can be seen by people with normal sight but a 10 x lens is helpful. See the 2 lists below;
Distinguishing between Section Erioscyceae figs.
(a) 13 SPECIES with INTERNAL HAIRS eg. Ficus aurata
Section Eriosycea. |
Series auratae: 13 species with colourless tepals and sharp hairs (12 endemic) |
F. androchaete endemic to Borneo |
F. aurata Malaya, Sumatra, Palawan, Borneo (note all Sunda shelf) |
F. aureocordata endemic to Borneo |
F. auricoma endemic to Borneo |
F. bruneiensis endemic to Borneo |
F. brunneoaurata endemic to Borneo |
F. dimantiphylla endemic to Borneo |
F. endospermifolia endemic to Borneo |
F. eumorpha endemic to Borneo |
F. inaequipetiolata endemic to Borneo |
F. macilenta endemic to Borneo |
F. setiflora endemic to Borneo |
F. subglabritepala endemic to Borneo |



(b) 7 SPECIES of ERIOSCEA FIGS with NO or FEW INTERNAL HAIRS eg F. fulva
Section Eriosycea. |
Series Eriosycea. 7 species with fleshy edible red tepals |
F. chartacea -Myanmar, east to Vietnam and south to Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo |
F. fulva-Nicobar islands, Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Timor, Sulawesi |
F. glandulifera- India east to Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo |
F. grossulariodes– Thailand south to Malaya, Sumatra, Java and Borneo |
F. lumutana– Borneo and Sulawesi |
F. subfulva– scare endemic relative of Ficus fulva. |
F. tricolor -Malaya, Sumatra, Java and Borneo |




The 20 species of Section Eriosycea figs are common small trees of secondary forest and forest gaps throughout the lowlands, hills and mountains of Borneo. We speculate here that the 13 species of figs with hairy tepals have evolved to target rhino dispersal and the 7 species without hairy tepals have evolved to target bird dispersal. See these links;
Fig Ecology: Sumatran Rhinoceros